The soldiers and Qawwalis infiltrated Jammu and Kashmir, making raids. They reached Baramulla in three days. They blew up the Mathura power station with a dynamite blast. A secret darkness engulfed Kashmir. Now the next target of the Qawwalis was Srinagar, 70 km from Baramulla. Terrified by this, Maharaja Harish Singh fled from Srinagar to Jammu, but at the same time, India spoiled the plot against Pakistan. The story of the first war between India and Pakistan in 1947At the time of partition, Mohammad Ali Jinnah had said that Kashmir would fall into Pakistan’s lap like a ripe fruit. But his illusion was shattered only 10 days after the partition when Hari Singh stopped Jinnah, who was ill, from spending his holidays in Kashmir. Jinnah was deeply shocked to hear this. A month later, Pakistan’s Prime Minister Liaquat Ali called a secret meeting in Lahore. The purpose was to force Maharaja Hari Singh to merge Kashmir with Pakistan. Three proposals were put forward in it. First, a direct attack on Kashmir, but this proposal was rejected due to the fear of war with India. Second, arms and money should be given to the disgruntled Muslims living in Kashmir to incite rebellion against the king, but this would have taken a long time, so it was put on hold. The third proposal was to send armed Pathan Kabalis to Kashmir and help them from behind. The third proposal was approved in the meeting and named Operation Gulmarg by Pakistan. 10 Lashkars of Qawwali Pathans were prepared. 1000 boys in each Lashkar, one Major, one Captain, and 10 Junior Commissioned Officers of Pakistan were included.
On the night of 22 October 1947, when Qawwalis were entering Kashmir on one side, on the other side, Muslim soldiers of Raja Hari Singh revolted. Pakistan’s target was to capture Srinagar before 26 October. Qawwalis first called at Muzaffarabad and captured it in a few hours. After this, Kabalis attacked Domal Panch Rawalkot and Puri and reached Baramulla. Raja Hari Singh signed the merger letter on 26 October. This meant that Jammu and Kashmir was now a part of India, and the Indian Army started taking action. On the morning of 27 October, the First Battalion of the Sikh Regimen,t led by Lieutenant Colonel Ranjit Rai, encountered the fighters on the Srinagar North and Srinagar Baramulla Highway. The number of casualties was much higher. The soldiers did not let them move ahead, but in this attempt, 24 soldiers and Lieutenant Colonel Ranjit Rai were martyred. Because of Karnal Rai, the battalion of the 161st Infantry Srinagar Regiment led by LG Singh had also landed in Srinagar. Brigadier LG Sen writes in his book Cylinder Was The Thread Kashmir Confrontational 1947-48 that on the morning of 4 November, Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Patel and Defense Minister Sardar Baldev Singh reached the valley. Sardar Patel told me that Srinagar has to be saved. I said I need more soldiers. If possible, some artillery too. The sooner it happens, the better. The same evening, a unit of infantry and field artillery was sent to Kashmir. After capturing Rajouri and the jungle, the Qawwalis headed towards Nowshera. Here, Brigadier Usman, Commander of 50 Para Brigade, was handling the command and had offered but announced a reward of Rs. 50,000. On the evening of 4 January 1948, Brigadier Usman and his companions bought off the Kabulis. Brigadier Usman won the court on the highest ground near Nowshera. General VK Singh writes in the biography of Brigadier Usman that Brigadier Usman had vowed that he would not sleep on a bed until the forest came under the control of the Indian Army again. When the forest was captured, a bed was borrowed from a village, and Brigadier Usman slept on it. Within 1 month from 3 July 1948, the Kabulis were driven out from a large part of Kashmir, including Baramulla, Puri, a nd Budgam. Only a few areas, like Mirpur, Gilgit Baltistan, were under the control of the Kabulis. Meanwhile, on 1 January 1948, India went to them with this issue. After their intervention, on 31 December 1948, Pakistan agreed to cease fire. Jammu and Kashmir was captured in the war that lasted for 1 year, 2 months, and 5 days. About two-thirds of Kashmir remained with India, while a part went to Pakistan, which it calls Azad Kashmir, and India calls it PoK
Lahore could have been snatched from Pakistan, which tried to capture Kashmir: Ayub Khan said – Hindu morale will be broken immediately, in 22 days it came to its knees
After the war with China in 1962, the morale of the Indian army was broken. In 1964, after the death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, a vacuum was created in Indian politics. Many parts of India were also affected by the pandemic. On the other hand, Pakistan’s morale was high. The economy was growing rapidly, but Kashmir was still a thorn in its side. Seeing the opportunity, Pakistan’s President Ayub Khan told his army that at the right time and the right place, two to four elements cannot sustain the morale of Hindus. Therefore, we should not let go of such opportunities when Kashmir could have been snatched from Lahore. In 1965, Pakistan planned to infiltrate Kashmir with its 30,000 boys. They aimed to spread terror in Kashmir and to turn Kashmiris against India and the Sunnah. This was named Operation Gibraltar. Pakistan felt that once it captured Kashmir, it would defeat India. The command of the Gibraltar Force was given by Major General. The Pakistani army given to Akhtar Hussain Malik was given training in guerrilla warfare in POK, and on 5 August 1965, about 33000 Pakistani soldiers disguised as Kashmiris crossed the LOC. Their dress and lifestyle were like that of Kashmiris, and their first target was to capture strategic points of Kashmir, like post offices, the communication network, and government offices. But this plan of Ayub Khan backfired because the Kashmiris informed the Indian Army about this in time, due to which many Pakistani fighters were arrested. The Kashmiris refused to cooperate with them. Pakistan’s Operation Gibraltar had completely failed. Frustrated by this, they planned to capture Akhnoor. By doing this, they wanted to stop the movement of the Indian Army from Jammu to Srinagar. Pakistan started Operation Grand Slam under the leadership of General Malik and on 1 September at 5:00 am, captured the Chand sector and reached near the Tawi river.
Akhnoor was not very far from here. The Indian Army was not prepared for this sudden attack. The then service chief and the Air Force reached the Defense Minister, and they immediately informed him. According to Farooq Naseem Bajwa’s book From Kutch to Tashkent, the Indo-Pak War of 1965, by 5:00 pm, the Air Force destroyed 13 Pakistani tanks and 30-50 vehicles. The next day, Farooq Naseem Bajwa was made the commander of Operation Grand Slam. It took Pakistan about 24 hours to make this decision, which benefited India, and on the third day, the Indian Army defeated Pakistan. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Shastri called a cabinet meeting and decided to open a new front against Pakistan. Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army’s West, Lieutenant General Harish Singh, planned the attack on 6 September. The code word for this entire operation was Bengal. The Indian Army entered Pakistan from four places and, within a few hours, captured Bhasin, Dogi, and Waghra, north of Dogri. For the next day, the Indian Army kept firing on Lahore from Dogri. Pakistan was afraid that Lahore would be captured. To prevent this, it turned its guns and tanks towards Punjab. It wanted to capture Amritsar. With the help of American-patterned tanks, India crossed the border with Pakistan. Pakistan advanced towards Asal Uttar village with about 300 tanks and 10000 SPGs. The Indian army poured water on the path of Pakistani tanks so that their speed could be reduced. As soon as Pakistan’s tanks came onto the muddy road, the hidden soldiers of the Grenadiers attacked them. Many tanks got stuck in the mud and were unable to move forward. In the battle of Asal Uttar, Havildar Abdul Hamid was commanding a mobile tank gun. He shot down a Pakistani tank on 9 September. Many Pakistani soldiers fled, leaving their tanks on the battlefield. On 10 September, Abdul Hamid and his entire battalion destroyed the Pakistan Tank Army, but Abdul Hamid was martyred after being ambushed. In this battle, Pakistan lost more than 100 Pakistani tanks, and the soldiers ran away. One of the names of the soldiers who ran away after being defeated was that of Lieutenant General Pervez Musharraf. Pervez Musharraf later became the head of the army and president of Pakistan after the intervention of the United Nations. And due to increasing international pressure, India agreed to a series of fires. Pakistan had 500 square kilometers of land, and India had 1920 square kilometers of land by that time. 2735 Indian and 5988 Pakistani soldiers were killed. Disappointed with this defeat, Pakistan’s President Ayub said that Pakistan will never endanger the lives of 10 crore Pakistanis for 50 lakh Kashmiris.
Pakistani General Niazi surrendered after giving pistol, then cried bitterly: Sam Manekshaw’s strategy divided Pakistan into two parts in 13 days; The map of Asia changed
16 December 1971, Dhaka, the city of East Pakistan, India-Pakistan, Lieutenant General Jack Farz Rafael Jackup of the Indian service entered the camp of Lieutenant General A A K Niazi of East Pakistan. He read out Surendra’s terms to Niazi. After listening to the terms, Niazi surrendered. In the meantime, Commander of the Eastern Service of India, General Jagjit Singh Arora, arrived, and Niazi signed the surrender document. Bangladesh was born. Pakistan was part of the 1971 war.
Bangladesh, which was present in the partition of 1947, was a part of Pakistan. Then it was called East Pakistan. Despite having a Muslim population, they were quite different from each other. In the 1970 general election, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of the Awami League won 167 out of 313 seats and got a majority. It was the first time in the history of Pakistan when a Bengali Muslim of East Pakistan was going to form a government in Pakistan. But on the orders of Khan, on 25 March 1971, Pakistan started Operation Searchlight in East Pakistan. Pakistan heard the demand for Bangladesh. There were deaths of leaders, students, Bengali police officers, and even common people.
By morning, 7000 people had been killed in Dhaka. On 26 March, they were arrested and taken to West Pakistan. According to a Bangladesh government official, about 30 lakh people were killed in the 9-month-long conflict. Two and a half to four lakh women were raped and about 1 crore Bangladeshis turned to India for shelter. The ever-increasing number of refugees in the country increased the worry of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. She immediately called a cabinet meeting. Army’s Sam Manekshaw and Roe’s Aryan were also present in this meeting held on 28 April 1971. Indira Gandhi said that we should go into Pakistan. Still, if you want war, I give you a simple guarantee of success. Now place your order. The country will be fully prepared for the Prime Minister. According to Anusha Nandkumar and Sandeep Saket’s book The War That Made Roe, Roe had come to know in November itself that Pakistan was preparing for war. It was just left to know how and when the attack would take place. Then the code word was sent from Karachi. A message comes in which Aryan understood after reading it that Pakistan will do an air strike on 1st December, but Pakistan Air Force launched Genghis Khan two days later on 3rd December at 5:40 pm. Pakistan conducted 16 raids in many cities, including Pathankot, Amritsar, Ambala, and Agra. On the night of 3rd December, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced on All India Radio that the war between West Pakistan on Bangladesh had now reached India. Indian Army Air Force and Levies retaliated on East Pakistan and opened fronts on West Pakistan border as well, but on 5th December at 1:00 am, Pakistan attacked Long Wala in Rajasthan with its 45 battalions and about 3000 soldiers. Pakistan intended to capture Indian areas on the West Front so that later they could demand East Pakistan back in return for these areas. When the attack happened, only about 120 soldiers of the Punjab Regiment were deployed on Long Wala post. They fought Pakistan all night, and as soon as it was morning, the Indian Air Force started attacking. On the other hand, the Indian Navy attacked the Karachi border and helped Pakistan to get help from the West. Intelligence was a big reason for India’s victory in the 1971 war. In November itself, Pakistan’s most powerful submarine, Ghazi, had left the Karachi coast. Pakistan’s target was to attack India’s most powerful submarine, INS Vikrant, but India made a plan to trap Pakistan in its trick. Before the war started, in another Indian submarine, the Rajput in the waters of Visakhapatnam, Pakistani submarine Ghazi came very close to Visakhapatnam and was waiting to attack Vikrant, but INS Rajput made a big attack and sank it. Pakistan had become weak in the war. America and Britain decided to send their forces to help it, but the son of Soviet Union sent forces to help India, and America and Britain could not do anything. Army’s Sam Manekshaw warned Pakistani soldiers through All India Radio on 8 December that if you try to run away, you will be killed, but if you surrender, you will be treated properly. The signal was sent after the start of the war on 16 December at 4:31 with a pistol and 92208. After this defeat, Khan had to leave the post of President, and a new country named Bangladesh was formed in place of East Pakistan.