Making of America- part – 1
About 417 years ago, in 1607, a British traveler John Smith reached Virginia in America with his two companions to establish a colony. Still, a native tribe named Powhatan caught them and killed both of Smith’s companions. Smith was also about to be beheaded, but the princess of the tribe, the Kaa Hunters, stopped them. After this, Smith and the Kaa Hunters became a means of friendship between the people of Britain and the natives of America. Meanwhile, the princess met the British traveler General, and both got married in 1614. When the princess went to Britain, the people there were attracted by her beauty; after this, there was a competition among them to go to America. Hello, in the first episode of the Making of America series, we will talk about the discovery of America and interesting facts related to the British Raj, the French and Indian War, and the Boston Tea Party. In the year 1492, due to the war between the Ottoman Empire and European countries, Europe’s trade with the whole of Asia including India stopped At that time, India was disqualified by the Mughals King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain decided to find another way to go to India. Christopher Columbus, born in Italy, came forward for this work. The Queen liked Columbus and wanted to find a way to India at any cost. She gave Columbus money and ships for this. On 3 August 1492, Columbus set out from the port of Followers with about 90 people in three ships to discover India. After about 2 months, on 12 October 1492, Columbus reached Sansalva Dor Island in the Bahamas. People with red faces lived here. Columbus named this tribe Red Indians. Columbus discovered many more islands. He considered them to be India, China, and Japan. But until he died in 1506, he did not know that this was not India. Italian navigator American Vespucci surveyed this part of the earth and told that the island discovered by Columbus was not India. In 1560, this place was named America after American Vespucci. With Columbus’ discovery, Europe found a new world. He named America as New World. There was ample space to live here and the right environment for farming. There were ports for transportation and many industries. Europe saw an opportunity to flourish and thought this was a source of income. Spain had already occupied the island discovered by Columbus. During this period, France also occupied many places, but Great Britain had the maximum control over America.
In 1607, about 100 Britishers established the first colony in James Town, Virginia. The Great Migration began from here. The British started arriving here in the greed of earning money, but it was becoming difficult for them to bear the weather of America. In such a situation, the English-speaking Native Americans taught the British their ways of hunting, and cultivating corn and other crops. Gradually, serious diseases also reached here. Many diseases like smallpox took the lives of Native Americans. With time, the British increased here and Native Americans became a minority. Common people from many countries of the world including Great Britain, France, Portugal, and Spain also started coming to America, but due to a contract, they remained slaves for a few years and then after getting free, they started their life afresh. The tradition of slavery started racial discrimination in America.
By 1700, there were 2.5 lakh European and African slaves in America. From 1607 to 1732, Great Britain settled 13 colonies in North America and evicted the Native Americans from their lands. As Britain thought about expanding its empire in America and searched for new lands, France and Spain did not approve of this. In 1754, France was preparing to build a fort near the Ohio River. To protest against this, the Governor of Virginia sent a Lieutenant Colonel there. On 28 May 1754, in the Southwest Pennsylvania Regulation, there was an encounter between the troops of the Lieutenant Colonel and the French commander, which was the beginning of the French Indian War between Great Britain and France. The name of the 22-year-old British officer who started the war was George Washington, who 35 years later became the first President of the United States of America.
In 1756, Britain and France started fighting officially. This war was not only on land but also on the sea. After the incident, Americans became even more aggressive against the British. Due to heavy opposition, Britain removed the tax on everything except tea. At that time, there were about 100,000 British soldiers in America. Tea worth 12 lakh pounds was sold. In protest against the tax, the Americans back-marketed the East India Company’s tea and started smuggling Dutch tea. This caused a lot of losses to the company. The artisans and traders opposing the tea tax formed a group and named it Sons of Liberty. On 16 December 1773, three ships laden with tea reached Boston, but that night a crowd of more than 100 people climbed onto the ships standing at the port and threw 342 tea leaves into the water. It is said that many people in the crowd were from the Sons of Liberty. This event was called the Boston Party. On 5 September 1774, the leaders of 13 American colonies met This affair was alleged in the First Continental Congress. It was decided to boycott British goods, form their government, and create their own Malaysia. From here, the Americans blew the trumpet of independence against Britain.
Shot in the eye of Lincoln who fought slavery: Purchased barren land from Russia and extracted gold; How did America become so rich
Making of America-part-2
Date 24 January 1848 Place California of America A man named James Marshall was building a wooden mill near the American River. He saw small pieces of yellow metal shining in the water. He took them to his boss and found out that it was gold. As soon as the news spread, thousands of people started going to California to extract gold. By 1855, about 340 thousand kilograms of gold was extracted from here. The era of the Gold Rush changed the history of America. Hello, in the second episode of the Making of America series, after the story of America’s independence, the Civil War, and the United States of America becoming rich, the trumpet of independence had been blown in America. On the night of 18 April 1775, British soldiers decided that they would seize weapons from the revolutionaries. During this encounter, eight Malaysian fighters were killed, but when the fighters retaliated, the British soldiers started running away leaving their weapons and belongings. This is considered the beginning of the American Revolution. In 1775, the Second Continental Congress met and George Washington’s brother formed an army for the war. In 1776, the political philosopher Thomas Paine printed a pamphlet named Common Sense. He wrote that freedom is not only necessary but also natural.
This awakened the feeling of unity among people for freedom. On 7 June 1776, Richard Henry Paine of Virginia presented a proposal in Congress for freedom from the British After this, a board was formed to adapt the abstract of the acknowledgment of independence. This draft was named Declaration of Independence and on 4 July 1776, 13 American colonies declared themselves free. Independence Day is celebrated in America on this day. Along with independence, America had many challenges. The peace agreement with Britain was pending. America got angry due to the burden of debt. There was also a fear of rebellion by soldiers. In such a situation, George Washington has come once again to take charge of the front. On 15 March 1783, he called a meeting. In his biography Washington of Indispensable Mind, author James Thomas Flasner writes that Washington, who usually does not wear glasses, took out his glasses from his pocket to read a letter and said, “Please allow me to wear glasses because my hair has turned white while serving my country and I am almost blind.” The eyes of the people present there became moist after listening to Washington. The soldiers’ trust in their country increased and they were ready to wait for payment. After almost 1 year of talks, the Treaty of Paris was signed between America and Britain on 3 September 1783 in Paris. Now Britain had accepted America as an independent country, but now the biggest challenge before America was to make it a democratic country.
In 1787, the Congress announced the National Convention in Delphia. Preparations for making a new constitution began here. Delegate Raj Sharma proposed that the legislature should be divided into two parts. First House of Representatives where there will be representatives according to the population of the states and the second Senate where all the states will get equal representation. In September 1787, the draft of the constitution was signed and gradually the constitution was approved. George Washington, who hosted the American Revolution, became the first President of America and from here a new independent and democratic America emerged. The slaves of South America were freed. Out of these, about 180,000 people joined the Union Army. By 1865, the Atlanta Gold Bar and Union army occupied the areas of South America like South Carolina. Many people say that freedom from slavery was a big problem. On the evening of 14 April 1865, Abraham Lincoln, who was elected president for the second time, went to Ford Theater with his wife Married Out to watch a comedy show. During this time, a person came there and shot Lincoln. The bullet hit behind Lincoln’s right eye Despite all efforts, he could not be saved. Lincoln was the aboriginal American admiral who was assassinated. The person who assassinated Lincoln was an actor and also a supporter of slavery. On 26 April 1865, the end of Civil War was officially announced.
New amendments were made to the constitution and slavery was completely abolished from America. In the early 1700s, France controlled a large area of North America which was known as the Louisiana region. It was spread from the Gulf of Mexico to the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains of the West. America bought the Louisiana region from Napoleon Bonaparte for 1.5 crores. This area became the center of America’s land and economic expansion. After this, Alaska was a big deal. America believed that by controlling Alaska, it could become a strong Pacific nation. America could emerge as a power and on 18 October 1867, America bought Alaska from Russia. Initially, this place was considered useless but in the 1880s and 1890s, gold was discovered here, after which thousands of people started settling here for gold. Later, Alaska helped America to become an economic power. In the third episode of the Making of America series, we will tell the role of America in the World War and the story of America becoming a superpower.
When the Soviet Union reached space, America landed men on the moon: and brought Germany and Japan to their knees; How America became a superpower
Making of America-part-3
On 12th April 1901, at around 9:30 am, a spaceship named Bus Stop One took off. 27-year-old Yuri Gagarin was on board. For the first time a human was going to step into space. This was a big victory of Soviet Russia i.e. the then USSR over America in the space race. But its match came 8 years later on 20th July 1969 at 4:17 pm, the American Space Center received a message from Neil Armstrong. In this, Armstrong said that we have landed on the moon. With this, America wrote a new prayer for Space Russia. About 25 billion dollars were spent in this mission. There are many stories of America in the race to become a superpower. In the last episode of the Making of America series, the story of the Industrial Revolution and America becoming a superpower is told. At the end of the 18th century, America was the largest exporter of cotton. In the year 1793, America started the first American textile mill with the help of an English youth and in the next 45 years, America’s cotton production increased from 2 million pounds to 80 million pounds. In the last years of the 19th century, modern industries like petrochemicals, steel manufacturing, electric power started developing in America and in 20 years, America’s industrial production doubled. In 1879, industrial products worth 540 crore dollars were produced in America. By 1899, the figure doubled to 1300 crore Between 1800 and 1900, America’s animate assembly added from 14 lakh bags to added than 1.1 crore tons. In 1880, America had a railway network of 1.5 lakh kilometers, which increased to about 3.1 lakh kilometers in 1990. Seeing America’s growth, people from all over the world started coming here and the products made here started getting exported all over the world. The First World War started on 4 August 1914. In this, on one side were Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary, Turkish Empire and Bulgaria, which were called Central Powers, while on the other side were Britain, France and Russia, Italy and Japan, which were called Elite Powers.
Initially, President Woodrow Wilson did not want America to remain neutral. America was not affected by the war of foreign countries, but on the afternoon of 7 May 1915, a German attack on a British ship returning from New York to Liverpool killed about 1200 people, including 128 American citizens. Angered by this, America declared war on Germany and joined the Allied Powers. In November 1918, Germany and the Central Powers surrendered. From here began America’s journey to become a superpower. On 1 September 1939, the Second World War began between the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers. America was aloof from this war, but to defeat Hitler, France and Britain were given funds, ammunition and machinery. On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked the American capital with hundreds of aircraft. This explosion was a thousand times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Nagasaki, in which about 2400 Americans were killed. Angered, America decided to support the Allied Forces in World War 2. Finally, on 8 May 1945, Germany surrendered, but Japan and The war between America and the Soviet Union was not ending. President Harry Truman resorted to the atom bomb for this and in August 1945, America spread terror by dropping atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Finally, on 2 September 1945, Japan surrendered and the Second World War ended. Usually, war brings inflation, poverty, economic instability, but World War 2 brought jobs for America. A way to overcome the Great Depression, a way to make the world’s largest army and become a superpower. From the beginning of the Cold War in 1947, there was a race between America and the Soviet Union to make nuclear weapons. In 1949, Russia tested the atom bomb. This enraged America announced to make even more deadly and destructive atomic weapons. Three years later, on 1 November 1952, America tested the first hydrogen bomb in Marshall Island. This explosion was a thousand times more powerful than the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. 10 months later, Russia also tested its first hydrogen bomb. In 1944, the world’s largest army was destroyed. Delegates from 44 countries together made the US dollar the base and on this basis, decided the exchange rate of all currencies. At that time, America had the better gold reserves. Other countries also knew that the US dollar is not worth anything and if needed, America will give gold in exchange of dollars. This arrangement lasted for about three decades. The deal between America and Saudi Arabia in 1945 was another big reason for the strengthening of the dollar. The deal was that America will protect it and in return Saudi will sell oil only in dollars, which means if a country wants to buy oil, then it is necessary for them to have dollars. In 1973, America started the SWIFT network for payment in dollars. Then 518 banks of 22 countries joined it. Currently, it includes 11000 banks of more than 200 countries, which keep their foreign exchange reserves in American banks. By combining all the countries, this money is about 7.8 times more than India’s economy. America uses this money in its growth.